中文摘要：

目的：运用新的体视学方法研究大鼠白质有髓神经纤维髓鞘超微结构，以期为以后各种有关髓鞘超微结构的相关研究提供可靠的方法学依据。方法：6～8月龄雌性Long—Evans大鼠。运用电镜技术及相应的体视学方法计算白质内有髓神经纤维的总长度、有髓神经纤维髓鞘总体积、有髓神经纤维及轴突直径、髓鞘断面面积、髓鞘内外周长、髓鞘平均厚度。结果：获得了正常6～8月龄雌性Long-Evans大鼠有髓神经纤维总长度及髓鞘超微结构的各项数据，两种不同方法得到的髓鞘平均厚度并没有显著性差异。结论：把新的体视学方法和电子显微镜结合起来定量研究了大鼠大脑白质有髓神经纤维髓鞘超微结构，所描述的方法为以后进行髓鞘超微结构的定量研究提供了有用的工具。

英文摘要：

Objective： To investigate the myelin sheath uhrastructure of myelinated fibers in rat white matter of brain and to provide methods for the future related quantitative studies on the myelin sheath ultrastructure. Methods： 5 adult （6-8 months） Long-Evans rats were used. The total length of myelin fibers, the total volume of myelin sheathes of myelinated fibers, the mean area of myelin sheath profiles, the mean perimeter of myelinated fiber profiles and axon profiles, mean diameter of myelinated fibers and axons of myelinated fibers and thickness of myelin sheaths in the white matter were investigated with transmission electron microscopy and stereological techniques. Results： The present study obtained data of both the total length of myelinated fibers and the myelin sheath ultrastructure of myelinated fibers in the white matter of 6-8 month old female rats. Conclusion： The present study combined the new stereological techniques and transmission electron microscopy to quantitatively study the myelin sheath uhrastructure of myelinated fibers in rat white matter. The stereological techniques described in this study proved to be very useful tools for the future related quantitative studies on the myelin sheath ultrastructure of myelinated fibers.