中文摘要：

采用一种新型的水交换法制备工艺，以天然石墨、高锰酸钾、浓硫酸为原料，制得了在160℃时即可发生膨胀的低温可膨胀石墨。采用热失重分析（TGA）、傅立叶转换红外光谱分析（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XTD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对其结构进行了表征与分析。结果表明，通过水交换法使得插入石墨层间的主要物质为水，水在低温下瞬间汽化对石墨片层产生张力，导致石墨低温膨胀，因此，石墨发生膨胀时无有害小分子释放，对环境友好。

英文摘要：

Low-temperature expandable graphite is prepared by water-exchange method using natural flake graphite, potassium permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid, which can be able to begin to expand at 160℃. Its structure is analyzed by means of thermal gravimetric analysis, infrared-ray spectrum, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the main substance intercalated into the graphite flakes is water after water exchange, and force produced by water gasification pushes graphite to expand. So, there is no harmful molecule releasing when the graphite expanding, it is friendly to the environment.