中文摘要：

为了探索一条解决小麦增硝营养困难的新途径,分别在播前10d和播种2个时期,向土壤中施入相同数量不同形态的氮素,研究河南褐土旱地冬小麦科大9612的产量及其构成要素、收获指数和干物质的积累与分配上的差异。结果表明：在播前10d施肥,小麦的产量和干物质积累低于播种时施肥;施硝态氮小麦产量最高,施添加硝化诱导底物硫酸铵的尿素次之,但二者差异不显著,尿素最低;硝态氮和加硝化诱导底物的尿素处理主要影响小麦的穗数和穗粒数、茎秆、颖壳和籽粒的干物质积累及地上部总干物质积累,而对千粒重和收获指数的效应不明显。由此说明,利用硫酸铵诱导尿素快速硝化是提高小麦产量的有效途径,但播前10d施入硫酸铵和尿素,间隔时间太长,尿素快速硝化形成的氮素容易淋容损失,所以应当缩短预处理间隔时间。

英文摘要：

In order to explore a new way to enhance nitrate nutrition of wheat,a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of various time of fertilization and different nitrogen forms on wheat yield,yield components,harvest index and the accumulation and distribution of dry matter in wheat on dryland cinnamon soil in Henan.The same quantity of different nitrogen forms was applied to the soil in the 10th days before wheat sowing and planting time.Wheat yields and dry matter accumulations in the fertilized treatments of 10 days before wheat sowing were less than those in the fertilized treatments of planting time;Wheat yield in the nitrate treatment was greatest among all treatments,the urea added ammonium sulfate treatment that induced nitrification followed,but yield difference was not significant between the two treatments,and the urea treatment lowest;In the nitrate treatment and in the urea added ammonium sulfate treatment,Number of spikes,kernels per spike,dry matter accumulations of stem,glume and grain and the total aboveground dry matter accumulation were mainly affected,but there was no obvious increase in1 000-grain weight.This result indicated that it was an effective way to improve wheat yield through application of ammonium sulfate to induce rapid nitrification of urea,and if ammonium sulfate and urea were applied to soil in the 10th days before sowing,the interval time was so long that nitrogen from rapid urea nitrification was easier to leach out and lose,so the interval time should be shortened.