中文摘要：

来自地球深部的矿物可能记录了地球形成和早期演化的历史，探索地球深部物质组成和它们形成的物理化学环境是一个十分前沿的科学问题．同步辐射X射线能量色散法对于解决微细矿物及包裹体矿物的晶体结构具有巨大的优势和潜力．在美国纽约长岛布鲁克海文国家实验室，利用同步辐射光源（Beamline X17C）和能量色散X射线衍射方法，开展了西藏铬铁矿中地幔深部矿物及中国大陆科学钻探钻孔岩心样品中地幔异常矿物的晶体结构分析，发现了一批新矿物种属和特殊的晶体结构，来自大陆科学钻探岩心样品的铁磷矿和西藏金刚石是两个例证．

英文摘要：

Minerals from the deep mantle may have recorded the formation history and evolution of the Earth in early times. Investigating the composition of different types of matter deep inside the Earth and the physical and chemical environment during their formation is a subject at the forefront of the Earth sciences. The synchrotron - based energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction method has great advantage and potential for diagnosing the crystal structure of tiny minerals and mineral inclusions. The synchrotron Beamline X17C at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York has been used to analyze deep mantle minerals from Tibet and samples from Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling （CCSD） cores. Some new mineral species and unusual crystal features have been identified, barringerite （Fe2P alloy） from a CCSD core sample and a Tibetan diamond of unusual structure being two such exampies.