中文摘要：

土壤溅蚀是土壤侵蚀过程的开始,是指由于降雨雨滴打击土壤表层,引起土壤颗粒分散和迁移的一种侵蚀过程,是导致坡面水蚀的一个重要威胁因子。因此,土壤溅蚀是土壤侵蚀的重要形式和组成部分,具有重要的研究意义。土壤溅蚀过程和研究方法是土壤溅蚀领域研究的核心内容。论文根据有关资料,综述了国内外土壤溅蚀过程和研究方法方面的主要成果,并对将来的研究方向进行了展望,以期推动我国在该领域的研究工作。国内外研究表明,土壤溅蚀是土壤侵蚀的主要过程之一,是各种水文过程、水力过程和生态过程的综合表现,是复杂的降雨因子和土壤因子共同作用的结果,涉及一系列关于降雨雨滴与地表间的能量转换过程。测量土壤溅蚀的方法主要有溅蚀杯、溅蚀板和溅蚀盘。进一步的研究应致力于土壤溅蚀的力学过程和森林土壤溅蚀过程方面的探讨。

英文摘要：

Soil splash erosion - soil particle detachment and transport by raindrop impact - is the important first stage in the chain of processes leading to soil loss and subsequent sediment transport; it also is one of the most major reasons for causing water erosion on hillslopes. Researches on splash erosion process and its study approaches in foreign countries and China were briefly introduced with the aim of promoting the studies in this field in our country. According to the reports, soil splash erosion is one of the most important erosion processes, involving the combination of various hydrological processes, hydraulic processes and ecological processes, which are influenced by many factors, such as rainfall properties, soil characteristics and vegetation cover. Splash erosion includes a series of energy conversion process betwedn impacting raindrop and soil surface. On the other hand, the important method of estimating soil splash erosion rates is splash cups, splash boards and splash trays. Additional research should take into account splash erosion mechanical process and splash erosion in forested landscapes.