中文摘要：

气候变暖已成为全球关注的热点话题，农业温室气体是气候暖化的重要排放源。目前许多学者研究了不同施肥措施下温室气体排放的特征，但实验结果之间存在一定的差异。为了综合评价区域内不同施肥措施（单施无机氮（N）、无机氮磷钾（NPK）和有机无机配施（OF））下土壤温室气体排放的特征及其净减排潜力，本文基于长江中下游地区40篇关于施肥对稻田温室气体CH4和N2O排放的文献，筛选出339组样本数据，采用Meta分析方法从施肥类型、施肥时间和施肥水平三个方面定量研究了3种施肥措施对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响，并在前期研究的基础上，估算了各个施肥处理下的综合增温潜势、净增温潜势以及温室气体排放强度。结果表明：N、NPK和OF处理下CH4周年排放的效应值分别为0．24、0．27和0．63，N2O周年排放的效应值分别为1．25、1．26和1．41。随着施肥次数的增加，N、NPK和OF处理下温室气体排放的效应值均逐渐增大；随着施肥量的增加，N处理表现为增加的趋势，NPK处理表现为减少的趋势，OF处理表现为先增后减的趋势。对于3种施肥处理下的净增温潜势大小为OF〉NPK〉N，其中CH4排放对温室气体的贡献最大；3种施肥处理下的温室气体排放强度大小为OF〉NPK〉N。从粮食增产和温室气体减排两方面综合考虑，施用氮磷钾（NPK）是长江中下游地区稻田较适宜的施肥方式。

英文摘要：

Agricultural greenhouse emissions are an important source of emissions responsible for climate warming. To comprehensively evaluate the effect of fertilization management （Inorganic nitrogen fertilization （N） , Inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization （NPK） , Inorganic and organic fertilization （OF）） on greenhouse emissions, net emission reduction potential and greenhouse gas intensity we used 40 documents on greenhouse gas emissions in paddy fields in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River and 339 sets of data. A metaanalysis was conducted to determine the effects of the three fertilization modes on CH4 and N2O emissions, fertilization times and fertilization application. The results showed that the effects sizes of N, NPK and OF on annual CH4 emissions were 0.24,0.27 and 0.63, respectively. While the effect sizes of N, NPK and OF on annual N2O emissions were 1.25, 1.26 and 1.41, respectively. The effect sizes of N, NPK and OF on CH4 and N2O emissions increased with increasing fertilization time. The effects size of OF on CH4 and N2O emissions showed an increase and then decrease with increasing fertilization; the N and NPK showed an increasing and decreasing tread respectively. In addition, the net warming potential of fertilization was OF 〉 NPK 〉 N, and CH4 emissions were a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. The greenhouse gas intensity was OF 〉 NPK 〉 N. From the point of view of higher yields and greenhouse gas emission reduction, NPK is more appropriate than the other two fertilization modes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River.