中文摘要：

[目的]施用生物炭是稻麦轮作系统温室气体减排的新型措施。研究甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）在土壤剖面中的分布特征,可以揭示生物炭影响温室气体的产生和排放机制。[方法]设置对照（N0B0）、单施氮肥（N1B0）、单施生物炭（N0B1）和氮肥配施生物炭（N1B1）4个处理,利用土壤剖面气体原位采集系统研究氮肥配施生物炭对稻麦轮作系统土壤剖面7、15、30和50 cm这4个层次CH4和N2O浓度周年变化的影响。[结果]N2O浓度的峰值均出现在氮肥施用后;施氮肥处理较不施氮肥处理显著增加水稻季土壤各层次CH4浓度和整个轮作期间土壤各层次N2O浓度（P〈0.05）;施氮处理均表现出土壤上层CH4和N2O浓度高于下层。生物炭效应则随氮肥施用与否而异：施氮条件下生物炭处理显著降低水稻季土壤7和15 cm处CH4的浓度（P〈0.05）,平均降幅为24.8%;也显著降低小麦季土壤各层次N2O的浓度（P〈0.05）,平均降幅为33.2%;在不施氮条件下单施生物炭则显著增加了水稻季土壤各层次CH4的浓度（P〈0.05）。[结论]配施生物炭可以显著降低稻麦轮作体系表层土壤中CH4和N2O的浓度,从而降低稻麦轮作系统CH4和N2O的产生和排放。

英文摘要：

[ Objectives] Biochar has been proposed as a potent tool for greenhouse gas mitigations. The distribution characteristics of methane（ CH4 ）and nitrous oxide （NzO）in the soil profiles can provide detailed information on the mechanisms of greenhouse gas production and emissions. [ Methods ] Four treatments were installed as follows, no nitrogen （N）and bioehar （B）as the control （ NO B0 ）, single N fertilization （ N1 B0 ）, single biochar amendment （ NO B1 ）, and N fertilizer with biochar amendment （ N1 BI ）. Nitrous oxide （N2 O）and methane （CH4 ）concentration dynamics in soil profile at the depths of 7,15,30, and 50 cm in the paddy fields under both flooding and drainage conditions were monitored through a special soil gas collection device. [ Results] All the soil N20 eoneen- tration exhibited a sharp peak after N fertilizer application. N application has significantly promoted the soil CH4 concentrations throughout the rice season and N20 eoneentrations during the entire rice-wheat rotation（ P〈0.05 ）compared with no N application. The CHg and N20 concentrations in top soil profiles were higher than those in deep soil profiles with N fertilization application. The biochar effects were dependent on the N fertilization. When N was applied, the CH4 concentrations were reduced following biochar amendment by 24.8% from the N1 B1 compared with the N1 B0 in the depths of 7 cm and 15 cm in the rice season（P〈0.05）while the N20 concentrations were reduced by 33.2% at all soil depths in the wheat season （P〈0.05）. When no nitrogen was applied, the CH4 concentrations of N0Bl were higher than those of N0B0 at soil depth of 7 and 15 era（P〈0.05）. [ Conclusions ] Together with N fertili- zation,biochar amendment significantly reduced both CH4 and N2O concentrations within the top soil profiles while N fertilization promoted both CHA and N2O concentrations within the too soil profiles in the rice-wheat annual rotations.