中文摘要：

通过研究土壤盐分的空间变异,快速准确获取土壤盐分的空间分布是精准农业和环境保护的基础。使用土壤电导率仪（PET2000）网格法在50 m×70 m面积的田块内布点（网格边长5 m）,测量棉田表层土壤（0~25 cm深度,每5 cm为一层）电导率;应用ArcGIS9.2中地统计学模块构建、筛选和验证模型;利用地统计学方法研究表层土壤盐分的空间变异规律,进行空间分布预测,并针对棉田表层积盐问题提出了相应的解决措施。结果表明：克里格（Kriging）插值方法中的Rational Quadratic模型适宜预测表层土壤电导率,区内棉田表层盐分的空间变异特征明显,变异系数达到0.578,土壤盐分的空间变异性随深度增大逐渐降低;产生空间变异的主要原因是土壤岩性的空间差异和微咸水灌溉;解决棉田局部积盐的措施是根据土壤盐分空间差异特征的分析与预测进行适时定位灌溉,从而合理利用水资源并改善作物生长环境。

英文摘要：

Fast and accurate simulation of the spatial distribution of soil salt from the study on soil spatial variability was the basis for precision agriculture and environmental protection.The electrical conductivity of the surface soil was measured through grid method in a cotton field（50 m×70 m） by soil conductivity meter called PET2000.The model was constructed,screened and validated by geostatistic module of ArcGIS9.2.Salinity spatial variation regularity of the surface soil（0—25 cm depth） in cotton fields was studied using the geostatistics at an interval of 5 cm.Spatial distribution of the salinity in the soil was predicted and the corresponding solution measures for salt accumulation of the surface soil in cotton fields were put forward.The results showed：（1） Rational Quadratic model was suitable for forecasting soil electrical conductivity.Salinity spatial variability of the surface soil in local cotton fields was obvious.The variation coefficient reached 0.578 and salinity spatial variability of the soil gradually decreased with increased depth;（2） Generation of spatial variability was mainly due to the spatial difference of the soil lithology and irrigation with brackish water;（3） To solve the problem of local salt accumulation in cotton fields,we should irrigate timely and spatially based on the analysis and forecast of spatial differential characteristics of soil salinity.Thereby,the water resources can be rationally used and the crop growth environment can be improved.