中文摘要：

北京坐落在西山山麓潜水溢出带前沿,历史上地下水水源丰沛。金元建都以来上游大量砍伐森林、过牧草场、植被退化,下游为满足漕运、园林的需要,人工修筑了渠堰、湖泊。20世纪80年代以来,随着城市用水的日益增加,地下漏斗区日渐扩大,地下水埋深不断加深,上游水源涵养区湿地萎缩、井泉干涸,严重缺水一直困扰着北京城市发展和居民生活质量的提高,已引起广泛关注。为进一步缓解并良好解决水资源供求矛盾,除建设南水北调工程和开采深层地下水外,长远看,应从全局出发建设并扩大国家重点生态功能区,改善并修复流域水源补给区森林、草地生态环境,涵养流域水源,建立流域生态补偿制度,打破行政区划人为分割完整流域的现实,实现上游水资源补给区的生态环境治理和上下游水资源整合调度,以保障北京供水安全与水资源可持续利用。

英文摘要：

Located in the west piedmont phreatic zone,Beijing has plentiful storage of groundwater in the history.Since Jin and Yuan dynasty,The vegetation in upstream degenerated and in the downstream in order to meet the needs of Canal and Gardens,plenty of canals and ditches was constructed.From the 1980s,Beijing is facing serious water scarcity,which has already limite its development.In order to relieve this problem,besides South to North Water Transfer Project and enlarging the ability of mining groundwater,in the long run,water conservation and establish the Ecological Compensation Institution will be a good way.At the same time,break through the administrative partition for rational dispatch of water supply will be also beneficial to ease this problem.