中文摘要：

以制备环境友好型海洋防污涂料为目标，利用自制的双羟基封端剂、2，4，6-三（3-氯丙基）-2，4，6-三甲基-环三硅氧烷和八甲基环四硅氧烷（D4），通过开环共聚得到含氯丙基双羟基封端聚硅氧烷，然后经季铵化反应在聚硅氧烷链上引入具有杀菌性的季铵盐基团，最后通过活性基团羟基与异氰酸酯反应合成聚氨酯材料并进一步对聚氨酯的表面性能与抗菌性能进行了表征。结果表明：季铵盐含量为20％时，聚氨酯不仅具有低表面能特性，而且对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的杀菌率都能到达90％以上，而且有机硅分子量相近时，季铵盐含量越高，杀菌性越好，但疏水性越差。

英文摘要：

The development status of marine antifouling coatings was introduced. With the purpose of preparing en- vironmentally friendly marine antifouling coatings, polyurethanes with quaternary ammonium salt （QAS） and polysiloxanes were synthesized. First, polysiloxanes with chloropropyl were prepared by ring-opening copolymerization using home-made hydroxy-terminated end-capping reagent, 2, 4, 6-tri （3-chloropropyl）-2, 4, 6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethyl cyelo- tetrasiloxane,trifluoromethane sulfonic acid as the catalyst. The structure and molecular weights of reaction products were characterized by FT-IR, GPC and functional group analysis. And then the bactericidal quaternary ammonium salt groups were introduced to polysiloxane chain via quaterisation. Finally, polyurethanes were prepared by the reaction between hy droxyl groups and isocyanate, and the surface property and bactericidal performance of polyurethanes were also tested. The results indicated that the polyurethane material with 20 % quaternary ammonium salts not only had the low surface energy, but also had more than 90% sterilizing rate to gram-type positive and gram negative bacteria.