中文摘要：

针对单链高分子通过薄膜上纳米孔隙的输运这一现象分别首次实验和理论方面介绍了现今的研究进展情况。文中以理论和实验上共同关注的单链高分子跨膜输运的平均通过时间问题展开论述。具体地，作者考察了薄膜的厚度、薄膜的曲率、膜两侧的溶剂性质、单链高分子聚集态的变化以及链间相互作用等因素对输运过程的影响，并讨论了与这些因素相对应的实际应用。同时，分别对几个研究组的实验结果、解析以及模拟的理论结果进行了分析比较，旨在促进这一现象在相关领域的研究。

英文摘要：

This paper summarized the current experimental and theoretical progresses on the phenomenon of the translocation of single polymer chain from a nanopore located in a membrane. The related discussions are presented on the Mean First-Passage Time which is the interests in both the theories and experiments. In detail, the effects of some factors on the translocation were considered, which involved the thickness of the membrane, membrane curvature, the solvent effects, the configuration of the single polymer chain and the interaction between the polymer chains, and so on. Meanwhile, we also investigated the corresponding applications, and analysed the experimental results, analytical and simulative results proposed by a few research groups. The attempt was made to launch the research in related fields.