中文摘要：

以运行2年的日光温室番茄地下滴灌系统为对象，通过对灌水器流量进行测试，分析了滴灌带埋深、施肥次数、施肥量和土壤层状结构等对灌水器堵塞程度及灌水均匀性的影响。滴灌系统包括滴灌带埋深为0、15和30cm的33个小区，2年累计施肥次数的变化范围为0～19，累计施尿素量变化范围为0～1023kg／hm^2。结果表明，运行2年后地表和地下滴灌灌水器发生了轻微堵塞，其中流量降低超过25％的灌水器占2．7％，完全堵塞的灌水器占2．1％；施肥次数、施肥量和土壤层状结构对堵塞的发生没有明显影响，地表滴灌比地下滴灌堵塞略为严重；未发现根系入侵造成的灌水器堵塞。对发生堵塞灌水器在系统中的位置进行调查后发现，大部分堵塞灌水器位于毛管的最末端。为了定量评价灌水器堵塞程度对灌水均匀性的影响，建立了灌水器流量变差系数与流量降低百分数之间的回归关系，结果表明灌水器流量均匀系数随堵塞引起的流量降低百分数的增大而线性增大。

英文摘要：

Field evaluations were conducted for the two-year subsurface drip irrigation installations in a solar-heated greenhouse for tomato to investigate the influence of lateral depth, total number of fertigation events, fertilizer applied and soil layering on emitter clogging. The results demonstrated that 2.7 % of the emitters can be declared to be clogged with discharge reduced more than 25 %, and 2.1% of the emitters were completely clogged. No significant influence of total number of fertigation events, fertilizer applied and soil layering on emitter clogging was observed, but a slightly greater discharge reduction was found for surface drip irrigation plots than for subsurface drip irrigation plots. No emitter clogging caused by root intrusion was detected. An investigation on the distributions of clogged emitters in the systems revealed that most clogged emitters located at the terminals of the laterals. The coefficient of variation of emitter discharge（CV） was related to discharge reduction percentage（ Rq ） to quantitatively evaluate the effects of emitter clogging on the uniformity of water application, showing that CV increased linearly with an increasing Rq.