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中文摘要：
利用矢量菲涅尔衍射积分公式,以高斯涡旋光束为例,推导出傍轴高斯涡旋光束在自由空间传输过程中电场分量和磁场分量的解析表达式,详细研究了自由空间中电场和磁场的偏振奇点变化规律.结果表明,高斯涡旋光束在自由空间传输中,存在二维和三维电场和磁场的偏振奇点,其位置一般不重合.改变光束束腰宽度比、振幅比以及传输距离,偏振奇点出现移动.在二维电场和磁场中,当满足一定条件时,会有V点产生.
英文摘要：
Using the Fresnel vector diffraction integral and taking the Gaussian vortex beam as an example, the analytical expressions for the electric and magnetic components of Gaussian vortex beam propagating in the free-space are derived, and used to study the variations of electric and magnetic polarization singularities in free space. It is found that there exist two-dimensional （2D） and three-dimensional （3D） electric and magnetic polarization singularities in the free-space, which do not coincide in general. By varying waist width ratio, amplitude ratio, and propagation distance, the motion of polarization singularities takes place. In the 2D and the 3D electric and magnetic fields, the V-point may appear under a certain condition.
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