中文摘要：

肿瘤的转移与复发是导致癌症患者死亡的重要原因。随着医学科学的发展,治疗肿瘤的手段越来越多,但是预防肿瘤的转移仍缺乏行之有效的手段。因此,常需要构建动物肿瘤模型以及肿瘤转移模型来模拟人肿瘤体内转移的过程。回顾性分析国内外文献报道,对比不同种属动物特性、细胞株特点,分析常见转移瘤动物模型制模过程中具体方法学比较,动物模型构建成功后,根据检测目的来选择相应的技术手段进行检测。常用于转移瘤模型构建的实验动物为啮齿类动物,主要包括遗传背景明确的裸小鼠及大鼠;实验细胞的选择主要根据实验所需,构建不同的肿瘤转移瘤模型来选择不同特征的细胞株;细胞接种方式根据接种部位不同分为原位接种和异位接种,根据移植物分为细胞悬液和组织块移植;实验结果评价需要同时对原接种部位肿瘤灶和转移灶进行检测,检测手段分为传统检测方法和现代科技的检测方式,检测目的不同,可选择不同的现代技术手段与传统检测进行结合,综合多种检测手段和评价方式,获得最为理想的转移瘤模型评价结果。通过构建实验动物模型可模拟人体内肿瘤发生、发展、转移的过程,多种实验动物可用于肿瘤转移瘤动物模型的构建,最常用的为遗传背景明确的啮齿类动物;转移瘤动物模型的构建需要了解每个步骤中的细节问题;模型构建成功与否可通过传统检测方式以及现代的科学技术进行多方面评价。

英文摘要：

The metastasis and recurrence of tumor are the important reasons leading to the death of patients who suffer from carcinomas. There are more and more therapeutic methods of tumors with the development of medical science. How- ever, it still lacks methods of preventing tumors. So, it requires structuring animal tumor models and tumor metastasis mod- els to simulate the process of tumor metastasis in human body. Analyzing domestic and overseas literature reports r~tro- spectively, contrasting characteristics of various species animals and cell lines and analyzing methods which are used in structuring common metastatic tumor models. After structuring animal models successfully ,we choose corresponding tech- nological means according to the object of detection. The rodents are commonly used to structure metastatic tumor models, which mainly include nude mouse and rats that have clear genetic backgrounds. The choice of experiment ceils depends on the requirement of experiment. We choose different characteristics of cells when structuring different tumor metastasis models. The methods of cell inoculation divide into orthotopic inoculation and ectopic inoculation according to different in- oculation positions. Transplants divide into cell suspension and tissue blocks. The evaluations of experiment resuhs require detections of tumor in situ and metastasis tumor at the same time. The detection methods divide into traditional detection modes and modern technological detection modes. When the detection objects are different ,we carl choose different modern technological detection mode to combine with traditional detection. In order to acquire the best ideal evaluation results of metastasis tumor models ,we should combine various methods of detection and evaluation. Structuring experiment animal models can simulate the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumor in human body. Various animals can be used to structure metastasis tumor animal models and the rodent animals which have clear genetic backgrounds are the most c