目的 评价皮下注射标准化屋尘螨变应原疫苗治疗变应性鼻炎的远期疗效。方法将92例单一屋尘螨过敏的变应性鼻炎患者随机分为免疫治疗组(46例)和药物治疗组(46例)。通过症状评分、药物评分和屋尘螨特异性皮肤反应指数评价临床疗效,同时检测血清中屋尘螨特异性IgE、特异性IgG4的水平。结果经过3年治疗后,免疫治疗组患者的症状评分、药物评分(中位数[25分位数;75分位数])和屋尘螨特异性皮肤反应指数(均值±标准差)分别为3.32[2.49;5.12]分、0.31[0.28;0.45]分、1.34±0.29,较治疗前的9.20[7.50;11.13]分、0.72[0.47;0.83]分、1.71±0.53,均明显减少,差异有统计学意义(检验值分别为-5.13、-5.78、6.37,P值均〈0.05),以上3项指标免疫治疗组与药物治疗组相比差异亦有统计学意义(P值均〈0.05)。血清屋尘螨特异性IgE水平治疗前为16.32[4.34;38.65]kU/L,免疫治疗3年后为15.85[4.93;46.27]kU/L,差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.84,P〉0.05);免疫治疗组患者血清中螨特异性IgG4治疗后为8387[7732;16634]AU/L,较治疗前的486[319;1439]Au/L明显升高,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.81,P〈0.05)。7.5%(3/40)的免疫治疗组患者在3年后出现了哮喘症状,明显低于药物治疗组哮喘症状的发生率(27.8%),差异有统计学意义(X^2=5.50,P〈0.05)。15.0%(6/40)的免疫治疗组患者在3年后出现了新的过敏原反应,明显低于药物治疗组(47.2%),差异有统计学意义(X^2=9.32,P〈0.05)。结论对于变应性鼻炎患者而言,标准化屋尘螨变应原免疫治疗能够有效改善症状、减少药物使用及降低特异性皮肤反应,升高血清中特异性IgG4水平,有效减少哮喘和新的过敏反应的发生。
Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinu ( Der P) in patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods Ninety-two patients with allergic rhinitis to Der P were randomly allocated to receive either specific immunotherapy ( n = 46 ) or medical treatment (n -- 46). Symptom and medication scores and skin response to Der p were assessed to evaluate the clinical efficacy in the baseline and after three years treatment. Der P-specific IgE and IgC,4 were measured. Results After three years treatment, the immunotherapy group showed sustained reductions in symptom scores ( before treatment 9.20 [ 7.50 ; 11.131, after treatment 3.32 [ 2.49 ;5.12 ], Z = -5.13, P 〈0. 05), medication scores (before treatment 0.72[0.47;0.83], after treatment 0.31 [0.28;0.45],