中文摘要：

激光核聚变在置有聚合物靶丸的金属靶室内进行，靶丸通常由碳、氢等低Z元素组成，传统的X射线成像很难诊断靶丸在靶室内的位置。X射线相衬成像在低Z元素样品成像中具有独特的优越性，但很少用于强吸收介质包裹的低Z样品结构成像。针对激光核聚变靶丸位置无损检测这一难点，建立了相应的X射线相衬显微成像物理模型。数字模拟和微聚焦源X射线相衬成像初步实验研究的结果表明，通过选择合适的成像参数，如光子能量、成像距离等，可以获得靶丸位置的清晰成像。因此，可以认为X射线相衬成像技术用于激光核聚变靶室诊断是可行的。该技术还可以扩展到其他高Z介质内部低Z样品结构成像，如石油勘探中包裹体的研究等。

英文摘要：

Inertial fusion chamber is conducted in a metal chamber with polymer capsules. And the capsules are usually made of carbon, hydrogen and other low Z materials. It is difficult for traditional X-ray imaging technique to detect the inertial fusion capsules. X-ray phase contrast imaging has been used in low Z material imaging. However it has not been applied to low Z materials wrapped by strong absorption materials. In this paper, we construct a model and discuss the effect of parameters such as X-ray energy, distance of object to detector, and thickness of strong absorbing materials, on phase contrast imaging quality by simulation and experiment. We found it feasible to perform high resolution and nondestructive detection of inertial fusion capsules in a chamber by X-ray phase contrast imaging. And this technique may have other applications, such as inclusion detection in petroleum exploration.