中文摘要：

随着细胞生物学和分子生物学的迅速发展,人们开始将目光投向分子水平的生态毒理研究,并做了大量工作.与传统方法相比,分子诊断能直接、快速、准确地对环境污染做出早期甄别、评价,是极具应用潜力的研究方向.本文首先概述、介绍了分子诊断中常用的分子生物学技术及分子生物标志物;对近年来国内外关于水、土环境污染的分子诊断研究进展进行较为系统地比较和总结;最后提出了今后研究重点的设想.

英文摘要：

With the rapid development of cellular and molecular biology,increasing attention has been paid to ecotoxicology at molecular levels and a lot of relevant researches have been done in this field. Compared with the conventional methods,molecular diagnosis is a new research interest with great potential of application for direct,rapid and accurate discrimination and assessment of environmental contamination. In this review,molecular biology techniques and molecular biomarkers,which are typically used in molecular diagnosis,are introduced and overviewed. The research progress on molecular diagnosis of contaminated water and soil both in China and abroad are systematically compared and reviewed,and the focuses of further studies are also suggested.