中文摘要：

人工合成麝香作为一种替代型香料被广泛应用于日用化工行业，由于其持续不断地输入环境，其中的一些典型化合物如加乐麝香和吐纳麝香等在水、土壤和大气环境中的浓度日益升高，并且在动物体和人体组织中产生了蓄积作用，其效应相当于持久性有机污染物,因此，人工合成麝香作为一种新型污染物，已成为药物和个人护理品污染物（PPCPs）的重要组成部分,首先对人工合成麝香的种类与应用情况、环境来源和污染水平进行了简要介绍,在此基础上，从人工合成麝香的生物蓄积行为、环境降解行为和生物转化行为等3个方面，对人工合成麝香所具有的持久性有机污染物的行为特征进行了分析；概述了人工合成麝香的环境激素毒性、遗传毒性效应、生理生态毒性、对酶活性的影响以及对微生物毒性效应的研究进展，展示了人工合成麝香所可能产生的不良生态效应,最后，根据目前对人工合成麝香的研究进展，提出了今后有关重点研究内容的建议，为合理评价和降低人工合成麝香的生态风险提供理论基础。

英文摘要：

Synthetic musks are widely used as fragrances in the personal care products industry. Due to their continuous input to the environment, typical synthetic musks such as Galaxolide and Tonalide are increasingly found in water, soil and air, and also accumulate in the tissues of animals and human beings. The distribution of synthetic musks in the environment resembles that of persistent organic pollutants （POPs）. Therefore, synthetic musks have been considered as emerging organic pollutants in pharmaceutical and personal care product （PPCPs） pollution. In this paper, the types and application of synthetic musks and their environmental sources and pollution levels are briefly introduced. Then, the behavior of synthetic musks as POPs is analyzed on the basis of their biological accumulation, environmental degradation and biological transformation. Some visible adverse ecological effects including environmental hormone toxicity, toxic genetic effects, and physiological ecotoxicity, plus the influence of synthetic musks on enzymatic activity, and their toxic effects on microorganisms are also summarized. Finally, in terms of the current knowledge related to synthetic musks, environmental research directions are suggested which would provide theoretical bases for the reasonable assessment and effective reduction of the ecological risks caused by synthetic musks.