中文摘要：

RNA编辑是增加基因转录和功能多样性的重要形式。A至I RNA编辑是ADAR酶作用于双链RNA使腺苷脱氨基变成肌苷形成的。高通量测序技术的发展使得规模化鉴定RNA编辑位点成为可能,目前已在人和其他动物发现了大量的A至I RNA编辑位点,其中多数位于非编码RNA中。RNA编辑在体内具有重要生理功能,编辑异常可能导致一些疾病的发生发展。主要从ADAR介导的RNA A至I编辑的鉴定、分子机理、生理作用以及相关疾病等方面进行阐述。

英文摘要：

RNA editing is an important means to increase transcriptome complexity and functional diversity. Adenosine to inosine（A-to-I） RNA editing is a common form of RNA editing in animals, which converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions by the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA（ADAR） proteins. Recently, the development of high throughput sequencing technology makes genome-wide identification of RNA editing sites possible. A large number of A-to-I RNA editing sites have been discovered in transcriptome of human and other animals, and most of them are located in noncoding RNAs. Recent studies show that A-to-I RNA editing plays an important role in physiological functions, and dysregulated RNA editing may be involved in several pathological processes. This review focuses on the identification, molecular mechanism and function of ADAR-mediated RNA editing in coding and noncoding RNAs.