中文摘要：

龙游大型地下石窟群埋藏浅、跨度大，且位于软岩中。千年以来保持稳定的重要原因，除了岩体的完整性较好和洞体内所充满的水对洞顶的支撑作用以外，就是采用了比较特殊的结构形式。石窟在纵向分别利用了斜顶结构，在横向采用了拱状结构，加大柱纵向支撑长度的鱼尾形柱结构和扩大柱端头的柱帽结构。将这些结构形式与现代结构力学原理相比较发现，它们完全符合现代结构力学的原理，是科学的。它们体现了古人的结构力学思想，折射出了我国古人的智慧和创造力。通过发掘和研究石窟蕴涵的结构力学思想，可以做到古为今用，指导目前越来越多的地下工程建设。

英文摘要：

Longyou grottoes have characteristics of shallow embedding, large span and lying in soft rock. The one of important reason for that the grottoes have kept stability for thousands years is that some special structural shapes are adopted, except the integrality of rock mass is better and the holding action of the full water in caves. In Longyou Grottoes, fishtail pillar structures, used to increase the longitudinal length of support area and enlarge chapiter structures （named as pillar caps）, gradient roof structures in longitudinal direction and arch-type structures in transverse direction are utilized separately. By comparing these structural shapes with modern structural mechanics theory, results revealed that they correspond well. It is embodiment of the ancients＂ structural mechanics idea, and also revealing the ancients＇ wisdom and creativity. By digging and studying structural mechanics idea of containing in grottoes, it may be used to steer more and more underground engineering construction of today, and making the past serving the present.