中文摘要：

土壤结皮是土壤在自然状态下形成的“保护层”，它的存在使得土壤变得稳定，使土壤的抗风蚀性有显著的提高，可以有效地抵抗冬春季节严重的风蚀，因此在干旱荒漠化地区越来越受到重视。土壤结皮分为物理结皮和生物结皮两类，由于生物结皮的生成需要长时间的积累，而且要求具有一定的湿度、温度，才可能存活和生长。而物理结皮只要土壤经过干一湿的过程很容易形成。本文通过实地观察，从不同的土质取得的原状土壤结皮样本进行扫描电镜观察，对土壤物理结皮的形成，与土壤的含水量、颗粒组成、含盐量等的关系，以及对土壤抗风蚀性的作用进行了详细的论述，以便使其在干旱、寒冷地区土壤荒漠化防治中受到足够的重视，减少人为因素对土壤结皮的破坏，利用人为手段促使结皮的形成，减少冬春季节风沙对土壤的侵蚀。

英文摘要：

Soil crust is a self-protection for the soil to resist wind erosion, which can stabilize the ground and greatly enhance the resistance of ground soil against wind erosion, so it calls more and more attention to the uncultivated and deserted area. There are two kinds of soil crusts, physical soil crust and biological soil crust. The production of the latter needs a long time, while the former can be formed easily after a dry and wet process. This research studies the relationship between the formation of physical soil crust and the percentage of water in the soil, the content of salt, and the composition of soil particle in the light of analysis after the observation on the samples of soil crust of the original state from different soil on the spot, and observes them with electronic microscope, also analyses its actions on the soil anti-e rosion in detail, so that they can be paid enough attention to prevent the soil-desertification in the dry and cold areas, and reduce subjective factors destroying the soil crust and decline the damage extent to the ground soil caused by wind erosion in winter and spring based on outer means.