中文摘要：

细菌活的非可培养（Viable but non-culturable,VBNC）状态是指在一定环境胁迫条件下,一些不形成芽孢的细菌仅保留很低代谢活性但无法分裂,失去在培养基上形成菌落能力的状态.细菌的这一状态也可逆转而恢复生长形成菌落,称为复苏.自1982年这一状态被发现以来,已有60余种非芽孢菌被报道可进入VBNC状态,其中包括许多常见致病菌,从而给以菌落培养为基础的常规检测手段带来了挑战.目前VBNC菌研究领域仍以现象报道为主,对其形成条件、生物学特性、遗传机制等尚未完全了解.本综述重点介绍了近期关于VBNC状态与群体感应效应及环境应力机制相关的一些发现和假说,并简述了VBNC状态细菌在细胞形态结构、蛋白表达及毒性方面的变化规律,以及在不同细菌中发现的与复苏过程相关的细胞复苏因子类似物等;揭示了VBNC作为适应机制在不同细菌种群中的普遍性存在及其与细胞间信号传导之间可能存在的密切联系;最后列举了用于VBNC细菌检测的新技术,并提出该领域未来的研究范围应从致病菌扩大到所有环境细菌.

英文摘要：

Viable but non-eulturable （VBNC） state .is a dormant state of non-spore-forming bacteria under environmental stress. Ceils under VBNC state are still alive with low levels of metabolic activity, but lose their ability to form colonies on growth medium. The reverse process is called resuscitation during which the cells regain eulturability and form colonies. Since the first report of VBNC state bacteria in 1982, over 60 non-spore-forming bacterial species have been found capable of entering VBNC state, including several human pathogens. As cells under VBNC state in water and food cannot be detected by traditional methods based on plate counting, it is crucial to reassess the current viability detection methods for the concern of public health. Although lots of reports about VBNC state cells are published every year, no general model has been developed in terms of the VBNC induction and resuscitation mechanism. This review summarizes the current findings on VBNC induction and resuscitation process, the biological characteristics and possible genetic mechanisms of VBNC bacteria, especially the correlations between VBNC state and quorum sensing and general stress response g factors. It is suggested that VBNC state is a universal mechanism utilized by microorganisms and that cell-to-cell communication plays an important role in this process. In the end, the review puts forward suggestions on development for future researches in this field, in order to provide new insights for future study of VBNC bacteria in aquatic ecosystem.