中文摘要：

1973年Brazeau等首先从绵羊下丘脑中分离到生长抑素（somatostatin，简称SS或SRIF）。并发现其具有抑制垂体生长激素释放的功能。随后的研究发现在圆口动物、软骨鱼类、硬骨鱼类、两栖类、爬行类、鸟类、哺乳类等均有生长抑素SS的分布。脊椎动物的多种组织如脑、肠和胰腺等能产生不同类型的SS。现在SS已被确认为一种广泛分布于神经系统和外周组织的多功能肽，具有激素和神经递质双重作用，参与中枢神经系统的生理过程，调节着机体的生长、发育和代谢等多种生理过程。

英文摘要：

A central component of fish growth coordination is the Growth hormone - Insulin - like Growth Factor- Ⅰ （GH-IGF-Ⅰ ） axis. The GH-IGF-Ⅰ axis begins with GH production in the pituitary gland under the control of multiple hypothalamic hormones, including somatostatin （SS）. SS have been proved to possess a variety of biological functions with widely distribution in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. It plays roles in the physiological process of the central nervous system, modulating growth, development and metabolism processes. Research results on mammalian SS have been applied to produce new medicines. Research on fish somatostatin have lasted for over 25 years, and it has received more and more attentions. Fish is an important animal model and one of the important protein source of human, research on fish SS can help to understand the physiology roles of SS and to regulate fish growth and other physiologic processes. Mammalian SS exists as two predominant biologically active forms, SS14 peptide and its N-terminal extensions of 14 amino acids, SSzs. Both SS14 and SSzs are encoded by a common gene and processed from a single precursor, PSSI. SS14 is highly conserved in all known vertebrate species, including several mammalian species, chicken, frog and fishes, with the same amino acid sequence. In addition to having PSSI, Fish possess one or two other different forms of somatostatin （ SS）, PSS Ⅱ and PSS Ⅲ. The PSS Ⅱ molecule is thought to be processed to a large form of SS （SSzs or SS25） with [Tyr^7 ,GIy^10 ]-SS14 at its C-terminus, while the PSS Ⅲ would produce a SS14 variant[ Pro^2]-SS14. All the three types of PSS genes had been cloned both in goldfish and Orange-spotted grouper. PSSs are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system （CNS） and peripheral tissues. PSS are differentially expressed, both in terms of the distribution among tissues and in terms of the relative abundance within a tissue. SS exerts diverse inhibitory actions through binding to