中文摘要：

环境生物技术在环境控制与污染治理中的应用主要是利用微生物降解和转换污染物。一些人类合成的化学物质由于具有高毒性，且难以被自然界微生物降解，已经严重威胁生态环境和人类的健康。生物治理以其低成本、完成矿质化和实现原位处理等特点，成为较好的治理技术。体外定向分子进化技术是一种发现新的生物表型和新酶的好方法，DNA改组是重要的体外分子进化技术，成功地改造了许多在医药、工业和环境保护等的商业酶。综述了近年来体外定向分子进化技术在环境生物污染治理中的研究进展和应用。

英文摘要：

Directed evolution is a powerful in vitro technology for creating new enzymes effective for degrading persistent organic pollutants （POPs）. DNA shuffling is an important technique for directed evolution of enzymes. Diretted evolution employing DNA shuffling and other cellular techniques have produced many new enzymes for medical, industrial and environmental applications. Some of those enzymes for effective degradation of organophosphorus pesticides, pentachloropropane, pentaehlorophenol, triehloroethylene and PCBs are presented in detail. Directed evolution of POPs degrading enzymes is an attractive environmental biotechnology for pollution control.