中文摘要：

量热式酶生物传感器应用于环境现场快速检测及实际试样具有优势。介绍了量热式酶生物传感器的量热检测和热放大原理以及组成、测试装置等关键技术，其中热放大的应用可从根本上提高检测的灵敏度和水平；综述了量热式酶生物传感器应用于农药残留和重金属检测涉及的酶源、富集处理等环节；结合最新的研究成果，分析并展望了量热式酶生物传感器在农药残留和重金属等环境监测领域的应用。

英文摘要：

This article intends to present a review of the enzymebased thermal biosensor and its application to the environmental control. Generally speaking, such application is to stress the organophosphates and the heavy metal detection. Its introduction into the application can help to clarify the principles of the thermometric detection and amplification. In addition, the biological reaction to the enzyme catalysis is also associated with its greater enthalpy changes. There- fore, either a single enzyme or a group of enzymes in enzyme column can be used to produce the heat change. It is also known that the en- zyme-based thermal biosensor helps to detect thermal signs by mea- suring heat changes from enzyme reaction. Such a kind of high sensi- tivity can be gained by its thermal amplification through measure- ment. It is also necessary to know that amplification can be divided into two kinds： the buffer amplification and enzymatic amplification. The so-called buffer amplification is referred to as the amplification achieved by buffering ions like Tris which are utilized to enhance the total enthalpy of proton-producing reactions. A notable increase can also be obtained in the reaction sensitivity in the substrate or coen- zyme-recycling enzyme systems, in which the net enthalpy changes of each turn in the cycle contribute to the overall ettthalpy change. The second section of the paper turns to the ,＇cscription in detail of the various versions of the enzyme-based thermal biosensor devices with its highlight on the reference column for eliminating some nonspecific heat and thermal chips. In the application section, we have also in- troduced to the organophosphates and heavy metals areas by the overview of enzyme, pre-concentration and performance. The con- tents of organophosphates and heavy metals in the environment are monitored usually by enzyme inhibited method for their toxicity. Based on good responding to organophosphates and heavy metals, many kinds of enzymes, including ACHE, urease, liver esterase and