中文摘要：

依据官方统计数据,定量比较中日两国研究生教育体系的结构特征。中日两国研究生教育体系的结构既有明显共性也存在不少差异。两国研究生教育体系结构都受到学科内部规律、劳动力市场特征和政府政策导向三个因素的共同影响。三个因素对于不同结构发挥影响作用的具体机制不同。影响因素及其作用机制的同异性是制约两国研究生体系结构特征同异性的最重要因素。这对我国研究生教育体系结构调整具有启发意义。决策者必须深入理解本国研究生教育体系影响因素的独特性,才能制订出适合客观实际需要的政策。

英文摘要：

The author finds similarities and differences in the structures of the master student education systems between China and Japan upon a quantitative comparison between the structure features of the systems based on official statistics. Both of the structures are influenced jointly by internal academic behaviors, features of labor markets and the guidance of government policies. The specific mechanisms of these three factors influence the structures in different ways. The influencing factors and the sameness and difference of the mechanism are the most important elements to restrict the structural characteristics of the postgraduate education systems in the two countries. This finding is of great inspiring significance to the adjustment of the structure of the postgraduate education system in China. The author believes that only by in-depth understanding of the unique characteristics of the influencing factors to the postgraduate education system in China can we formulate policies suitable for practical and actual needs.