中文摘要：

组成叶绿体和线粒体的绝人多数蛋白质郁是由核基因编码，经转录翻译后需通过专门的转运到达这两种细胞器以行使功能。相关植物细胞叶绿体和线粒体蛋白质转运的研究近年米已取得一些重要进展，包括新受体蛋白的发现，更为普遍的双定位的发现，甚至全新的转运途径的发现等。此外，该领域的研究方法也有了新发展。本文将这些新的进展进行综述，并就该研究领域的发展做了展望。

英文摘要：

Most proteins in chloroplast and mitochondrion are encoded by nuclear genes. They are imported into these two destination organelles through specialized import channels after translation in cytosol. Recent research of protein translocation in chloroplast and mitochondrion in plant cells have gained important progresses, including the discovery of new import receptors, frequent dual-targeting of proteins, and the discovery of novel routes of protein trafficking. Besides,＇ progresses in the technologies in this field have also been made in recent years. This paper reviews these new progresses and prospected the future development in this area.