中文摘要：

砷(作为) 对有机体有毒的非金属正在包括人。在米饭的砷为一般人口代表一条重要暴露小径，特别地为在米饭上生存的那些。砷转变，也就是减小，氧化和 methylation，在它的活动性和毒性上在土壤大米系统有基本影响。除了土壤化学药品性质(pH，啊，金属性的氧化物，有机物) ，微生物起关键作用在当在稻的转变和活动性玷污，例如通过 ArsM (作为(III ) S-adenosylmethyltransferase ) 并且和氧化铁或有机物的相互作用。在稻土壤的砷种类因为在米饭的种类主要是的 methylated 在稻土壤源于微生物引起的 methylation，直接在米饭谷物作为种形成影响。这份报纸试图在化学方面上在知识和差距的地位上提供概述作为在与微生物引起的生态学和功能的基因一起的土壤大米系统的转变。另外，到减少的潜在的小径(在稻土壤和遗传工程的微生物的操作) 是总计或象在大米无机谷物被建议。

英文摘要：

Arsenic （As） is a metalloid toxic to organisms including humans. Arsenic in rice represents a significant exposure pathway for the general population, particularly for those subsisting on rice. Arsenic transformation, namely reduction, oxidation and methylation, in soil-rice systems has fundamental impacts on its mobility and toxicity. In addition to soil chemical properties （pH, Eh, metallic oxides, organic matter）, microorganisms play critical roles in As transformation and mobility in paddy soil, such as through ArsM （As（III） S-adenosylmethyltransferase） and interactions with iron oxides or organic matters. Arsenic species in paddy soil directly influence As speciation in rice grain because the methylated As species in rice are mainly derived from microbial methylation in paddy soil. This paper aims to provide an overview on the status of the knowledge and gaps on the chemical aspects of As transformation in soil-rice system in conjunction with microbial ecology and functional genes. In addition, potential pathways （manipulation of microorganisms in paddy soil and genetic engineering） to decrease total As and/or inorganic As in rice grain are proposed.