中文摘要：

根据先前的研究总结出，全球有22个地形槽，其中只有3个行星尺度的季风槽和6个半岛尺度的季风槽。全球季风系统是南行星尺度季风槽和半岛尺度季风槽组成的。活动于热带北太平洋、热带北大西洋和热带南印度洋的赤道辐合带是太阳辐射随季节强迫下位置发生变化的行星尺度季风槽。半岛尺度季风槽起源于区域海陆地形和随季节变化的海陆热力对比和干湿（降水）转换。在北半球夏季，亚洲-西北太平洋地区受到4个半岛尺度季风槽和1个行星尺度季风槽的影响。其他2个半岛尺度的季风槽位于南非和印度尼西亚-西澳大利亚地区。

英文摘要：

In total, there are 22 topographical troughs in the world, but only three are on the planetary-scale monsoon troughs and six on the peninsula-scale monsoon troughs, as identified in our previous study. The global monsoon system consists of planetary-scale monsoon troughs and peninsula-scale monsoon troughs. Forced by seasonal variations in solar radiation, the inter-tropical convergence zones （ITCZs） represent the planetary-scale monsoon troughs, which are active and shift over the tropical North Pacific, the tropical North Atlantic, and the tropical South Indian oceans. The peninsula-scale monsoon troughs originate from regional land-sea thermal contrasts and topography and vary with seasonal variation of land-sea thermal contrasts and precipitation. During the boreal summer, four peninsula-scale troughs and one planetary-scale trough are distributed in the Asia-Northwest Pacific region. The other two peninsula-scale troughs are located in the South African and Indonesian-west Australian regions.