中文摘要：

科学又实用地统一计量电离辐射乃是各行各业广泛利用原子能科学技术以及预防与治疗电离辐射可能产生放射损伤所必不可少的重要前提和基础。关于电离辐射量与单位以及相应的测量和应用方法，有关国际组织和世界各国均普遍采纳国际辐射单位与测量委员会（ICRU）这一公认的权威学术组织所提出的体系。本文着重评述电离辐射量与单位的体系在数十年来的主要演变进化概貌。

英文摘要：

To scientifically and practically measure the ionizing radiation in unison is an indispensable prerequisite and foundation for the extensive uses of nuclear science and technology, development of radiological protection and safety standards, as well as prevention and treatment of ionizing radiation hazards. Concerning about the quantities and units of ionizing radiation as well as their corresponding measurement and application methods, relevant international organizations and all countries in the world generally adopt the systems proposed by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements （ICRU） which is a well recognized and authoritative academic organiza tion. In the paper, the major evolutions of the systems for ionizing radiation quantities and units in the past decades are summarized.