中文摘要：

在中国,厌氧发酵的渣滓——沼渣的主要处理方式是作为有机肥直接施用于土壤,此方式对土壤存在不利影响,本研究采用畜禽粪便与沼渣混和堆肥的方式处理沼渣,可避免传统沼渣处理方式的缺陷,改善土壤质量。初始原料组成对堆肥过程有显著影响。为揭示初始物料组成对堆肥理化、生物和光谱学性质的影响,进行了15组不同物料配比的沼渣、猪粪和鸡粪混合堆肥试验。对堆肥理化和生物指标进行了测定,并采用紫外-可见光谱（UV-Vis）、同步和三维荧光光谱（3D-EEM）结合区域体积积分（FRI）和平行因子分析（PARAFAC）识别特征光谱参数,表征堆肥光谱学特性,采用典型对应分析（CCA）分别建立堆肥理化生物学性质和光谱学性质与初始物料组成的关系。结果显示：堆肥理化、生物学性质和光谱学性质都与初始物料组成有较高相关性,前4个排序轴分别合并解释了83.9%和97.5%的样本总变异。影响堆肥理化、生物学性质和光谱学性质的环境因子排序分别为：猪粪量〉鸡粪量〉沼渣量和沼渣量〉猪粪量〉鸡粪量。富碳原料有利于堆肥腐熟,高比例富氮原料不会导致堆肥氨氮累积。在沼渣混合物料堆肥中,低比例的沼渣有利于腐殖质形成。对沼渣与畜禽粪便混合堆肥发酵效果的评价应综合考虑理化、生物学指标和光谱学参数。

英文摘要：

In this work,biogas residues,the remnant of the anaerobic digestion,was used for composting with livestock manure as the co-substrate.It is important for improving the soil quality in China,because the negative influence of biogas residues being utilized directly as organic fertilizer（a mainstream way of disposing biogas residues in China）on the soil could be eliminated or mitigated via composting.The composition of composting substrate has a great influence on the composting process.To explore the influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the physicochemical properties and spectroscopic characteristics of composts,fifteen co-composting of biogas residue,pig manure and chicken manure,with different material ratios,were carried out.Physicochemical and biological indicators were determined.Meanwhile,spectroscopic methods,such as UV-Vis,synchronous fluorescence and 3D-EEM spectra were used for identifyingcharacteristic spectral parameters companied with FRI and PARAFAC.Therefore,spectroscopic characteristics of composts were characterized.The relationship between physicochemical properties of composts and the composition of the initial mixtures was established using CCA.Similarly,that between spectroscopic characteristics of composts and the composition of the initial mixtures was also established.The results showed that：physicochemical properties of composts exhibits a significant correlation with the composition of the initial mixtures.A significant correlation between spectroscopic characteristics of composts and the composition of the initial mixtures was also observed.In the two CCA,the former four axes account for 83.9% and 97.5% of the total sample variation.The influence of enviro nmental factors on physicochemical properties of composts was in the order of pig manure amount〉 chicken manure amount〉 biogas residue amount and that on spectroscopic characteristics of composts was in the order of biogas residue amount〉pig manure amount〉chicken manure amount. Carbon-rich raw materials