中文摘要：

分析了大都市中不同交通方式出行成本的影响因素,建立了基于收入水平的城市居民通勤的个人边际出行成本模型,提出利用边际出行成本-乘车时间曲线分析交通分担率的方法.对广州和东京进行了对比分析.结果显示,居民收入对交通分担率有显著影响,在不同交通方式下广州市一般收入出行者的边际成本差别不大,但高收入出行者的公共交通出行的边际成本要远高于私人小汽车;东京的私人交通成本较高,因此公共交通分担率较高.建议广州应从减少公共交通集散时间成本、增加私人交通单次出行费用2个角度,进行交通需求管理以改变城市出行结构.文中研究方法可更合理解释不同经济发展水平对城市交通分担率的影响,为交通需求管理政策提供决策支持.

英文摘要：

This paper analyzes the affecting factors of individual marginal costs for different transportation modes.Basing on the income level,a calculation method for residents＇ commute marginal cost is proposed,and the commute marginal cots-riding time curves are presented to analyze the transportation share rate.Guangzhou and Tokyo city are presented as study case.The commute marginal costs of car,bus,metro and taxi are calculated by groups.Results show that in Guangzhou the differences between traffic modes are insignificant for the common income group,however the public transport is too expensive for the higher income residents;on the other hand the private mode in Tokyo is costly so the public transport shares a higher rate.It is suggested that reducing public transport＇s riding time and increasing private mode fees are the most efficient ways for Guangzhou＇s demand management.The proposed method interprets the phenomenon that different income-levels have distinct impacts on the transportation share rates,which has significance for traffic demand management.