中文摘要：

在保护生物学研究中,主要组织相容性复合体（major histocompatibility complex,MHC）的遗传多样性越来越受到人们的重视。在研究比较广泛和深入的哺乳动物和鱼类中,MHC被认为与抗病能力、配偶选择和亲缘识别有关。然而,MHC基因对哺乳动物行为产生影响的机制是否适用于鸟类,特别是鸟类野生种群,尚不清楚。文章对MHC多态性机制、MHC基因分型方法及其与鸟类疾病抗性、配偶选择的关系等进行了综述,为研究人员对鸟类保护生物学的深入研究提供参考。

英文摘要：

The genetic diversity of major histocompatibility complex （MHC） gets more and more attention in the area of conservation biology. MHC has been identified as a locus influencing disease resb;tance, mate choice, and kin recognition in mammals and fish which have been extensive and in-depth studied. However, it is unclear whether the mechanisms by which MHC genes influence behavior in mammals are applicable to birds, especially in wild populations. This article reviewed MHC polymorphism mechanism, its relationship with avian disease resistance and mate ,＇hoice, and methods for MHC genotyping, and so on. It will provide references to the further study of bird conservation biology.