中文摘要：

微生物体内存在多种抗逆基因或机制，这些机制的发现为定向提高微生物的抗逆性奠定了基础。提高微生物抗逆性的技术主要有过表达抗逆基因，长期适应性进化， genome shuffling（基因组改组）和异源表达抗逆基因等。利用这几种技术增强微生物的抗逆性，在以微生物为主的工业生产和环境污染物降解方面有着广阔的应用前景。

英文摘要：

Various stress resistant genes or mechanisms presented in microorganisms, and the discovery of these mechanisms laid a sound foundation for the directional enhancement of microbial stress tolerance. The main techniques of enhancing stress resistance of microorganisms contain over expression of stress-resistant genes, long-term adaptive evolution, genome shuffling, and heterologous expression of stress-resistant genes. These biological techniques can efficiently improve the stress resistance of industrial and environmental microorganisms, which surely benefited the bacteria based on industrial production and degradation of environmental pollutants.