中文摘要：

阻抗梯度飞片是实现准等熵压缩加载实验的关键元件。本文从材料选择与设计思路出发，重点介绍了3类阻抗梯度多孔材料飞片的发展思路与制备方法。其中，梯度气凝胶以其纳米尺度均匀性、密度和厚度的连续可调能力等优点成为极具发展潜力的飞片材料。最后，本文针对梯度气凝胶阻抗测试和梯度不连续化问题进行了展望。提出了精确测试密度和声速的思路，并设计了梯度溶胶共凝胶法、扩散腐蚀法和界面扩散法3种可能获得连续梯度的方法。阻抗梯度多孔材料飞片的发展将进一步延长加载时间、提高能量利用效率，有望最终获得更高的加载压力。

英文摘要：

The flier‐plate is the key element for achieving quasi‐isentropic compression . In this paper ,the developments and preparation methods of three kinds of porous flier‐plates with gradient wave impedance were introduced as emphasis ,based on the materi‐als selection and design .Among them ,gradient aerogels were considered as the flier‐plate materials with good applicability , because of their nano‐scale homogeneity and continuous adjustability of the density and thickness .At last ,the problems of accurate impedance measurement and noncontinuous distribution were introduced .The accurate measurements of the density and sound velocity and three kinds of methods for prepar‐ing gradient flier‐plate （including gradient sol co‐gelation method ,diffusion corrosion method and interface diffusion method） were suggested to solve these problems .The development of porous flier‐plate with gradient wave impedance will help to prolong the loading time ,improve the efficiency of the energy ,and finally achieve higher loading pressure .