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中文摘要：
与传统炭气凝胶制备不同，在室温条件下以乙腈为溶剂，问苯二酚和甲醛为前驱体，盐酸为催化剂，采用溶胶一凝胶、超临界干燥结合高温炭化工艺制备炭气凝胶（密度低至约50mg·cm-3）。红外光谱、比表面积和孔径分布、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射等测试表明，所制炭气凝胶是一种类石墨结构的非晶态材料，具有纳米骨架网络结构，比表面积达1300m。·g-1。对比不同配比气凝胶的SEM发现，气凝胶的颗粒尺寸为40nm～70am。分析溶胶一凝胶过程中的温度变化和乙腈在凝胶化中作用得知，由于盐酸的催化和反应放热共同作用，实现了室温下问苯二酚和甲醛的加成和缩聚反应，并最终形成凝胶；乙腈在反应中起着一种分散剂的作用。
英文摘要：
Carbon aerogels were synthesized at room temperature by a sol-gel polymerization route using resor- cinol and formaldehyde as precursors, acetonitrile as solvent and hydrochloric acid as catalyst, followed by CO2 supercritical drying and carbonization. FT-IR, SEM, XRD and nitrogen adsorption were used to characterize the microstructure of the aerogels. Results showed that the carbon aerogels are graphite-like amorphous materials with nano-skeleton networks formed by nanoparticles around 40-70 nm in diameter, whose specific surface area is up to 1 300 m2 ~ g-~ and lowest density about 0. 050 g/cm3. The heat of condensation and the catalytic action of hydrochloric acid made it possible to form gels at room temperature. The high surface area and low density of the as-prepared carbon aerogels were ascribed to a strong interaction between acetonitrile and --OH groups by hydro- gen bonding.
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