中文摘要：

青霉菌是柑橘类水果采后优势致病菌,也可使多种果蔬腐烂。目前,国内外大多数学者认为,引起柑橘采后腐烂的青霉菌为意大利青霉（Penicillium italicum Wehmer）与指状青霉（P.digitatum Sacc.）,但也有人提出不同的看法。病原真菌的鉴定通常采用传统形态学的方法,存在一定的局限性。应用rDNA-ITS分子标记分析和传统真菌形态学鉴定相结合的方法,对从不同产地分离获得的能引起柑橘贮藏期间腐烂的8株青霉菌（L﹑Q﹑PL﹑PQ﹑CL﹑CQ﹑PTY-1﹑PTY-2）进行了鉴定。结果表明：引起柑橘采后腐烂的青霉菌除指状青霉（P.digitatum Sacc.）外,还有扩展青霉[P.expansum （Link） Thom],波兰青霉（P.polonicum Thom）,黄青霉（P.chrysogenum Thom）等多种青霉。为柑橘采后致病青霉的快速鉴定及其病害的及早防治提供了有益的参考。

英文摘要：

The blue mould caused by Penicillium spp. was the major disease of Citrus fruits. It also caused substantial economic losses during a long-term storage of post-harvest fruits and vegetables. Nowadays, the majority of scholars thought that P. italicum and P. digitatum were the pathogenic strains which caused disease of Citrus ,however, there were different ideas. The method of morphological characters had certain restriction which was used to identify pathogenic fungus. Therefore, a polymerase chain reaction （PCR） protocol was developed to detect pathogenic fungus. 8 typical pathogenic strains of Penicillium spp. （L, Q, PL, PQ, CL, CQ, PTY-1, PTY-2）that were isolated from the surface of Citrus fruits in different areas were identified as P. digitatum, P. expansum, P. chrysogenum and P. polonicum by morphological characters and internal transcribed spacer（ITS）analysis. In addition, it has been proved to be a rapid and reliable method for identification of pathogenic fungus and also be helpful for controlling post-harvest diseases timely.