中文摘要：

从理论、基础技术和应用三个方面对光学涡旋的发展历程和研究进展进行了概述。首先,重点介绍了线性光学涡旋和非线性光学涡旋孤子两种模型的最新理论研究成果,以及产生高亮度、高精度及高能量的光学涡旋的新思路和新方法,如计算全息法、新型螺旋相位板法、热透镜法及泵浦光重整法等。然后通过具体数据比较了这些方法的原理和特点。在应用领域,着重介绍光学涡旋在远距离光操纵、天文观测和MEMS微制造等多个应用领域获得的突破性进展,分析了光学涡旋应用的发展趋势,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。

英文摘要：

The development history and research progress of the optical vortex are introduced from three aspects of the theory,basic technology and application.Firstly,latest theories about the linear optical vortex and non-linear optical vortex solitons are presented,as well as the innovational methods to create high-lightness,high-precision and high-power vortices,such as the computing holography,novel spiral phase plate,thermal lens and pump light reforming method.Then,the principles and characteristics of the methods are compared through the specific experimental data.In application,several breakthroughs in different fields are introduced with the emphasis on the remote optical manipulation,astronomy observation,micro-electromechanical system（MEMS）microfabrication,etc.The development trend of the optical vortex applications is analyzed,and the potential study direction is predicated.