中文摘要：

位点分离、疏水隔间和底物专一性是酶催化的几个重要特征。近年来随着大分子化学与可控自由基聚合技术的快速发展,一些负载催化剂的、明确定义的、非响应性或响应性的聚合物分子通过在溶液中的自组装或聚集,围绕催化位点形成一种有利的、分离的、结构稳定的纳米结构,如核-壳型胶束、聚合物囊泡、单链聚合物纳米粒子、非交联共聚物纳米聚集体等,都能作为纳米反应器有效模拟酶催化各种有机反应。讨论了如何利用大分子化学的手段设计合成高效的、有机催化的聚合物纳米反应器体系来模拟酶的催化性能,以及如何有效地利用大分子或响应性大分子的性质来实现反应器简便的回收再利用,从而有效地架起均相催化和多相催化之间的桥梁。

英文摘要：

Site isolation,hydrophobic compartmentalization and substrate specificity are a few of the characteristics responsible for the catalytic efficiency demonstrated by enzymes in natural systems.With the rapid development of macromolecular chemistry and controlled radical polymerization techniques,non-responsive or responsive well-defined polymers that immobilized catalysts assemble or aggregate in solutions and thus creating a favorable,isolated and stable nanostructure around the catalytic sites,such as core-shell micelle,polymersome,single-chain polymer nanoparticle and non-crosslinked copolymer aggregate,which can act as nanoreactors towards enzyme mimics for organic reactions effectively.Herein a discussion on how macromolecular chemistry allows us to design and synthesize efficient,organocatalytic nanoreactor systems in an effort to mimic enzymes,and how macromolecules and stimuli-responsive macromolecules allow us to achieve recyclability of nanoreactors easily,is presented.Consequently,a bridge between homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis is set up effectively.