中文摘要：

肝硬化是肝病和消化科常见病、多发病.由于我国乙型肝炎病毒感染率较高,乙肝肝硬化发病率较高.近些年丙肝肝硬化、酒精性肝硬化以及自身免疫性肝硬化患病率也有上升趋势.由低蛋白血症、门静脉高压等多种因素所致的大量腹水是肝硬化严重并发症之一,病程长,治疗难度大.认真、细致的护理工作对于促进患者康复,减少并发症发生具有非常重要的作用.作为全国肝病专科医院之一的首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院（以下简称“我院”）,具有一定的肝硬化大量腹水治疗护理经验,本文将我院肝病消化中心多年治疗肝硬化大量腹水过程中的护理经验总结如下：首先要给患者创造良好的休息环境,保证患者得到充分休息,根据病情针对性地让患者采取适当的休息体位;其次加强心理疏导;再次注意患者的饮食和饮水量的调节,改变患者酗酒及滥用保健品和相关药品的不良习惯;最后要认真、严格记录患者的每日尿量、腹围和体重,注意生命体征监测,并加强皮肤护理和防治脐疝.

英文摘要：

Hepatic cirrhosis is one of the common diseases which contribute to the major inpatients of the department of hepatic and digestive diseases.Hepatitis B virus infection is the major cause of hepatic cirrhosis in China due to its high prevalence in national population.Recently,the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection,alcoholism and autoimmune liver disease associated hepatic cirrhosis has obviously risen.Massive ascites,induced by various causes including hypoalbuminemia,portal hypertension,is one of the most serious complications of hepatic cirrhosis,which has a long course and the difficulty in treatment.Thus,it requires that holistic nursing integrate into the whole therapeutic schedule for this disease,for the purpose of promoting the recovery of these patients.As one of the national liver specialist hospital,Beijing You＇an Hospital,Capital Medical University （＂our hospital＂ for short） has a little nursing experience for this disease.First,a quiet and comfortable environment and proper posture can favor the patients＇ good rest and speedy recovery.Second,psychological counseling and diet regulation,including the withdrawal of alcohol and drug abuse are necessary for the whole therapy schedule.Last,skin health and care can help to prevent skin ulceration and infection,and umbilical hernia nursing is an important part of massive ascites treatment.