中文摘要：

应用Deform-3D有限元软件进行具有负前角磨削刃的单颗磨粒磨削加工过程仿真，并设计制造了旋转轴向超声振动平面磨削实验装置进行工艺实验，分别得到45钢在不同磨削工况下的磨削表面残余应力仿真值和实验值，通过对比分析，发现两者的相对误差在2．47％-16．93％之间，从而验证了所建磨削表面残余应力有限元模型的正确性。仿真结果表明：普通磨削和超声磨削在工件表面均产生残余压应力，且轴向残余压应力显著大于磨削方向残余压应力；表面残余压应力随着振幅、磨削深度、磨粒负前角和振动频率的增加而增加，随着砂轮线速度的增加而减小。

英文摘要：

The machining process simulation of single grain with negative rake angle was performed by using the FEM software Deform-3D ,and the rotating axial ultrasonic vibration surface grinding experiment device was designed and manufactured,which was used to carry out the experiment. The surface residual stress of 45 steel in different grinding conditions were measured respec- tively. It was found that the relative error was between ：2.47% and 16.93% ,which verified the correctness of the the finite element model of grinding surface residual stress. The simulation results show that ： residual compressive stress is produced on the workpiece surface by generally and ultrasonic grinding,and the residual compressive stress in the axial direction is significantly greater than that in the grinding direction. The surface residual compressive stress increases with the increase of the amplitude, the grinding depth, the negative rake angle of the grain and the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration, and decreases with the increases of the speed of the grinding wheel.