中文摘要：

肾癌是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,年发病率为17.9/10万,有逐年增加趋势。转移性和高危肾细胞癌预后差,且对化疗和/或放疗均不敏感。虽然细胞因子（干扰素和白介素-2）治疗被广泛应用,但因其反应率低和生存期短,故而疗效欠佳。针对抗血管生成途径,运用靶向药物行术前辅助或术后辅助治疗肾细胞癌显著提高了患者的无复发存活率。本文主要综述从基础到临床,尤其是有关血管生成拟态和马赛克血管在肾癌治疗中的一些重要进展。虽然抗血管生成的靶向治疗已确立了治疗转移性肾癌的新标准,但是仍需要新的药物或联用来提高疗效,减少药物相关的毒性。

英文摘要：

Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors of urinary system.The annual incidence rate is approximately 17.9/100 000 populations,and there is a continually rising trend in number of new diagnosis.Metastatic and high-risk renal cell cancer is associated with a poor prognosis and is resistant to traditional chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.Although cytokine-based therapied（interferon and interleukin-2） have been widely used,their effectiveness remained unsatisfactory due to their low response rates and short survival.Drugs targeting anti-angiogenesis pathways have shown benefits in relapse-free survival.In this review,we introduce the recent advances in the treatment of renal cancer,especially the application of vasculogenic mimicry and mosaic vessels.Although targeted therapies with anti-angiogenic properties have proposed new treatment criteria for advanced renal cell carcinoma,new drugs or new combinations are needed to improve the clinical efficacy and minimize adverse effects.