中文摘要：

目的探讨兰州市冬季室内外颗粒物污染特征及其理化特性。方法于2012年11月至2013年1月在不同采样点（混合区、工业区、郊区、公共场所）连续采集大气颗粒物（PM2.5和PM10）样品,分别采用离子色谱法和原子吸收分光光度法测定PM2.5和PM10中水溶性离子（F-、Cl^-、NO3^-、SO4^2-、Na^＋、NH4^＋、K^＋、Mg^2＋、Ca2＋）和重金属（Fe、Pb、Cd和Cu）。结果调查期间PM2.5和PM10浓度均超过GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准限值。除公共场所PM2.5外,其余采样点PM2.5和PM10污染均呈现为室外高于室内;室内颗粒物中水溶性离子主要为SO4^2-、NO3^-、Cl^-和NH4^＋,室外主要为SO4^2-、NO3^-和Cl^-;水溶性离子对PM2.5的贡献室外高于室内,对PM10的贡献则相反;室内外颗粒物中重金属污染均表现为室外高于室内,城区高于郊区,且Fe污染水平整体较高,Pb、Cd分别在混合区和工业区污染较重。结论本次调查的兰州市冬季室内外颗粒物污染较为严重,应进一步关注颗粒物中水溶性离子、铅、镉的污染水平。

英文摘要：

Objective To study pollution characteristics and physicochemical properties of indoor and outdoor particulate matter in winter in Lanzhou. Methods Particulate matter（PM2.5and PM10） samples were continuously collected in different sampling points（mixed areas, industrial areas, suburbs, public places） during November 2012 to January 2013. The concentration of water-soluble ions（F-, Cl^-, NO3^-, SO4^2-, Na^＋, NH4^＋, K^＋, Mg^2＋, Ca2＋） in PM2.5and PM10 were analyzed by ion chromatography, the concentration of Fe, Pb, Cd and Cu in PM2.5and PM10 were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results The concentrations of PM2.5and PM10 were higher than GB 3095-2012 Ambient Air Quality Standard（ secondary standard limits）during the investigation. The levels of outdoor PM2.5and PM10 generally presented higher than indoor except the PM2.5of public places; The main water-soluble ions in indoor particulate matter were SO4^2-, NO3^-, Cl^-and NH4^＋, outdoor mainly were SO4^2-,NO3^-and Cl^-; The contribution of water-soluble ions in PM2.5of outdoor were higher than that of indoor, the contribution of water-soluble ions in PM10 were just the opposite; The levels of heavy metals in indoor and outdoor particulate matter presented as outdoorindoor, urbanrural, overall pollution levels of Fe was higher, the pollutions of Pb and Cd were serious in the mixed zone and industrial areas respectively. Conclusion The pollution of indoor and outdoor particulate is more serious in the investigated area in winter in Lanzhou, pollution levels of the water-soluble ions, lead and cadmium in particulate matter should be paid more attention to.