中文摘要：

氯胺酮（ketamine）和乌拉坦（urethane）对神经细胞活动的影响大小和机制尚存在争议。c-fos 是刺激依赖表达的立早基因（immediate early genes），其表达量可反应神经细胞活动的强弱。该研究通过免疫组织化学方法比较观察乌拉坦和盐酸氯胺酮急性麻醉对猫初级视皮层细胞中刺激依赖的c-fos 蛋白表达的影响。结果显示，氯胺酮组和乌拉坦组初级视皮层各层神经元密度与对照组无显著差异；乌拉坦组视皮层c-fos 蛋白免疫阳性细胞密度和免疫反应强度与对照组无显著差异；而盐酸氯胺酮组视皮层细胞中c-fos 蛋白免疫阳性细胞密度及免疫反应强度均显著降低。即氯胺酮对视皮层细胞反应的抑制作用较强，而乌拉坦的抑制作用不显著。

英文摘要：

The effects of ketamine and urethane on neuronal activities remain in debate. As a member of immediate early genes family, the expression of c-fos is stimulation dependent and could be treated as an index to evaluate the strength of neural activities. In this study, SABC immunohistochemical techniques were applied to compare the c-fos expression in neurons of the primary visual cortex （V1） of cats and therefore, to evaluate the effects of acute anesthesia with ketamine HCl and uethane on inhibiting neural activities. Our results showed that compared with control cats, there were no significant differences with the average densities of Nissl-stained V1 neurons in each cortical layers of either urethane or ketamine anesthetized cats. In urethane anesthetized cats, neither the average densities nor the immunoreactive intensities of c-fos positive V1 neurons showed significant difference with that of control ones. However, both the average densities and immunoreactive intensities of c-fos positive V1 neurons in ketamine anesthetized cats decreased significantly compared with that of control and urethane anesthetized cats. These results suggested that ketamine has strong inhibitory effects on the activities of visual cortical neurons, whereas urethane did not.