中文摘要：

通过分析空气温度、太阳辐射、长波辐射、列车行驶速度等影响列车壁面综合温度的主要因素，建立铁路沿线通用综合温度场计算模型，给出了基于时变和域变的室外综合温度场。当列车静止时，列车外壁仅存在自然对流换热，因此受辐射影响剧烈，午间温度最高时可超过80℃；列车速度提高可以增强车壁的对流换热系数，进而减小辐射的影响，降低壁面综合温度。当列车以100km·h^-1运行时，车壁最高温度为45℃左右。因此，提高列车运行速度对列车节能是有利的。模型反映了列车运行时各壁面综合温度随列车时空变化而变化的规律，可方便地应用于列车空调的动态负荷计算、设计及运行控制。

英文摘要：

Based on the analysis of several principal factors about integrated temperature of train＇s walls such as the air temperature, solar radiation, long wave radiation, velocity, a common calculation model of integrated temperature along the railway has been set up. In the meantime, the integrated temperature field has been simulated on the basis of variant time and space. When it stays static, the train can exchange heat only by natural convection in the exterior wall, the maximum integrated temperature of walls will exceed 80℃ at noontime. Accelerating the train speed will increase convection and cut down the influence of radiation so as to lower the integrated temperature of walls. When the train is running with a speed of 100 km·h^-1, the maximal integrated temperature of walls will be approximately 45℃. The result demonstrates that enhancing the velocity could cut down energy consumption. This model reflects the rule of integrated temperature in exterior walls of the running trains which varies a great deal with time and space. It can be applied to dynamic load calculation, design and control of train air-conditioning conveniently.