中文摘要：

隐孢子虫（Cryptosporldium）目前已经成为一种重要的肠道病原体，备受关注。该病原具有广泛的宿主类型，可寄生于人和禽类、哺乳类、爬行类和两栖类等240多种动物。目前，人兽共息隐孢子虫共有8个种和1个基因型，即，人隐孢子虫（C．hominis）、微小隐孢子虫（C．parvum）、犬隐孢子虫（C．canis）、猫隐孢子虫（C．felis）、火鸡隐孢子虫（C．mdeagridis）、小鼠隐孢子虫（C．muris）、猪隐孢子虫（C．suis）、安氏隐孢子虫（C．andersoni）和微小隐孢子虫（C．parvum）鹿基因型。隐孢子虫的传播主要是粪．口途经或间接通过污染的环境、食物和水传播。发展中国家和发达国家腹泻病人的隐孢子虫感染率分别为4％。20％和0．6％-20％，我国腹泻病人的隐孢子虫感染率为1．4％-13．3％，儿童的感染率显著高于成年人。本文分别叙述了人兽共患隐孢子虫的各个种类和基因型的生物学特征和分子学特征，为进一步研究虫株的分布、进化特性以及隐孢子虫在人兽之间的传播途径提供了坚实的理论基础。

英文摘要：

Cryptosporidiosis is the emergent and significant microbiological pathogen, which has consequently impressed concern all over the world. This intracellular parasite infects more than 240 animals; including human, avain, mammal, reptile and amphibian. To date, eight zoonotic Cryptosporidium species and one genotype have been recognized, namely, C. hominis, .C. parvum, C. canis, C. felis, C. meleagridis, C. muris, C. suis, C. andersoni and C. parvum cervine genotype. Based on the previous data, the patients prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection have been found to be 4% - 20% and 0.6% - 20% in developed countries and developing countries, respectively. While in our country, the infection rate varies from 0.23% to 13.3%, and children are more vulnerable than adults. Transmission of the parasites are transmitted by the fecal-oral route and contaminate environment, food and water. The review describes the biological characterization and molecular characterization of each species and genotype, which provide solid theoretical basis for the further research of parasite distribution, evolution characterization, and zoonotic transmission route.