中文摘要：

近年来，新的合成方法的发现以及多种活性聚合组合策略的运用，已成为聚烯烃功能化领域的研究热点。本文首先对构筑聚烯烃分子链骨架的一种新合成方法——叶立德同源聚合的反应机理、单体及其研究现状进行了简要的介绍，然后详细评述了叶立德同源聚合分别与活性阴离子聚合、原子转移自由基聚合、可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合以及开环聚合相结合，设计、合成功能化聚烯烃共聚物的研究新进展。最后，对基于叶立德同源聚合设计、合成功能化聚烯烃共聚物的研究前景与实际应用进行了展望。

英文摘要：

In recent years, the discovery of new synthetic methodology and the application of combined strategy based on living polymerizations have become a hot topic of current researches in the functionalization of polyolefin field. Firstly, the research on mechanism, monomers and current research status of the polyhomologation of ylide which is a new synthetic methodology of constructing skeleton of molecular chain, are briefly introduced. In addition, new research progress of the design and synthesis of functionalized polyolefin copolymer by combining polyhomologation of ylide with living anionic polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and ring opening polymerization, are reviewed in detail respectively. Finally, research foreground and practical application of the design and synthesis of functionalized polyolefin copolymer based on polyhomologation of ylide are also prospected.