中文摘要：

使用经验正交函数和非参数统计检验方法,对重庆市1960-2010年全年、季节降雨侵蚀力时空格局进行分析。结论如下：①年、季降雨侵蚀力均呈东北、东南偏大,西部偏小的空间格局。②受大尺度气候因素影响,年、季降雨侵蚀力表现为一致性异常分布特征,2000年后年、季降雨侵蚀力增大的年份偏多。③受山地地形影响,全年、秋季和冬季降雨侵蚀力存在反相变化模态,重庆市东北（集中在城口、开县区域）降雨侵蚀力变化趋势与其他区域存在差异。

英文摘要：

Soil erosion has become a global ecological and environmental problem.Soil erosion has not only led to the destruction of land resources and reduced crop yields,but at the same time can cause water pollution and reservoir sedimentation,and increase flood risks.Therefore,the evaluation of regional soil erosion risk by analyzing the spatial and temporal variation of rainfall erosivity is of both scientific and practical significances. In the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,the quality of the ecological environment has been directly impacted by water soil erosion,it is necessary to make a study on the temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity in Three Gorges Reservoir Area and its surrounding regions.This study chose Chongqing as the study area, and used EOF technique and non-parametric Mann-Kendall statistical test to investigate spatial-temporal changes of rainfall erosivity of the study area from 1960 to 2010.Major findings are as follows： 1） There are a spatial distribution pattern of annual rainfall erosivity that it is greater in the eastern area and less in the western area in the study area,while the largest is in Chengkou,Kaixian,Wanzhou,Yunyang and Zhongxian,indicating a higher level of potential hazards in these areas.Seasonal rainfall erosivity has a similar spatial distribution pattern,the rainfall erosivty of spring and winter in the southeast of Chongqing are the largest,followed by the northeastern and the western region,where it is the least;but the rainfall erosivity of summer and autumn in the northeast region are the largest,followed by the southeastern and western region.There is great gradient of annual,summer and autumn rainfall erosivity changes in the area of Fengdu,Zhongxian and Shizhu area,and small gradient of annual,all seasonal rainfall erosivity changes in the western area of the study area.2） Consistent anomaly distribution is the main spatial pattern of annual and seasonal rainfall erosivity in the study area, which means the trend of changes of annual and seasonal ra