中文摘要：

共轭聚合物具有强的光捕获能力，可放大荧光传感信号，提高生物检测的灵敏度。基于共轭聚合物的新型生物传感体系对获取生命过程中的化学与生物信息、阐明生物体系中的信息传递、特别是对疾病的诊断与治疗都具有重要的意义。水溶性聚噻吩衍生物在外界环境影响下主链结构易发生变化，从而引起紫外吸收光谱与溶液颜色的变化，近年来在可视化生物检测领域得到了广泛应用。本文简要介绍了水溶性聚噻吩衍生物的合成、传感机制以及在可视化生物检测方面的应用，最后对该领域未来发展趋势进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Conjugated polymers with strong light-harvesting capability, can amplify fluorescence signal and improve the sensitivity of biological detection. New type of biosensors based on conjugated polymers system are of importance in understanding the information transfer in biological systems, especially in the early diagnosis of disease. The main-chain structures of water soluble polythiophene derivatives are easily changed in the external environment, thereby causing the changes of absorption spectra and solution colors. In recent years, visual biological detections based on water-soluble polythiophene have been widely developed. In this review, the design, synthesis of water-soluble polythiophene derivatives and their applications in visual biological detections are introduced, and finally future trends in this area are discussed.