中文摘要：

在转炉吹炼过程中顶吹气体射流冲击液面形成的冲击坑对于熔池的成渣速率和冶炼效率有较大影响,是冶炼过程中的重要动力学参数。以1/10氧气顶吹转炉为对象进行了水模型实验,研究了枪位、顶吹气量对射流穿透行为的影响;基于实验与理论分析,讨论了液相表面张力对穿透深度的影响机理;通过引入用于冲击坑形成的射流冲击动能利用指数,建立了更为精确的穿透深度分析模型。研究结果表明：穿透深度随枪位的降低、顶吹气量的增大而增大,冲击直径随枪位的提高而增大但受顶吹气量的影响较小;液相表面张力对穿透深度的影响随着表面张力的增大而加强,随着穿透深度的增大影响更为显著;能量利用指数随着枪位的提高而增大,并基于实验得到了其与枪位的定量关系。

英文摘要：

The cavity induced by top-blow gas jets impinging on the bath surface is one of most important parameters, which has overwhelming influence on the rate of slag formation and metallurgical performance. Water model experiments are conducted through a 1/10 scaled-down top-blown convertor. Effects of lance height and gas flow rate on penetration behavior are studied, and also the influence mechanism of liquid surface tension on penetration depth is addressed based on the experiments and theory analysis. An energy utilization index （EUI） is defined to reflect how much the impinging kinetic energy of gas jets are transferred into bath for formation of cavity, and an improved model is proposed to predict penetration depth of jets. The results show that penetration depth increases with lowering lance height and increasing gas flow rate, and impact diameter increases with increasing lance height, but is little affected by gas flow rate. Influence of liquid surface tension on penetration depth is enhanced with increasing surface tension and penetration depth. The EUI increases with increasing lance height, and a function relationship of it with lance height is obtained based on the experiments.